Objective To investigate the current prevalence of tobacco smoking, quite smoking and the practice of smoking cessation in Chinese doctors. Methods Databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Springerlink, VIP, Wan Fang Data and CNKI were searched from Jan, 2000 to Oct, 2015 to collect literature on the study of smoking among Chinese doctors. The included studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extracting data and assessing the quality of the included studies, meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 11.0 software. Results We identified 13 studies. The results showed that 13 studies were qualified. A total of 14611 doctors included (male: 7913, female: 6698), and the average age was 37.52. The prevalence estimation of smoking was 0.223 [95 % CI: 0.217, 0.230] (male: 0.389 [95 % CI: 0.382, 0.397]; female: 0.007 [95 % CI: 0.006, 0.009]). The analysis of subgroups indicated that the prevalence estimation of smoking increased with study time, doctors in Eastern region experienced higher prevalence than doctors in Central and Western regions. The prevalence estimation of quit smoking was 0.088 [95% CI: 0.083, 0.092], which increased with study year. Per capita daily smoking was 11.85±2.06 (8.28-16). Most doctors showed active attitude towards smoking cessation policy, but their knowledge and practice of smoking cessation were needed to improve. Conclusions Chinese doctors showed a higher smoking prevalence but lower quit smoking rate than other Western countries. Comprehensive smoking cessation education and interventions should be highlighted to reduce the smoking prevalence and improve their smoking cessation practice.