Objective To investigate the correlations of intestinal bacteria changes with intestinal local immunity and inflammation in asthmatic children. Methods Totally 178 asthmatic children <3 years in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from October 2013 to April 2016 were selected as observation group, meanwhile 178 healthy children having physical examination in the same period were selected as control group. Intestinal bacteria (Bifidobacterium , Escherichia coli , B/E), T lymphocytes (CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 +/CD8 + ), immunoglobulin (IgA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, C reactive protein and white blood cell count), and TGF-β1 were detected. Results Bifidobacterium , B/E, CD4 +, CD8 + , CD4 +/CD8 + , IgA and TGF-β1 in the observation group were statistically lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Escherichia coli , IL-17, C reactive protein, white blood cell count in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterium was in positive correlation with CD4 +, CD8 + , CD4 +/CD8 + , IgA and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05), and in negative correlation with IL-17, C reactive protein and white blood cell count (P < 0.05). Escherichia coli was in negative correlation with CD4 +, CD8 + , CD4 +/CD8 + , IgA and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05), but in positive correlation with IL-17, C reactive protein and white blood cell count (P < 0.05). Conclusions Increased intestinal inflammation may be related to the reduction of Bifidobacterium and secretory IgA in asthmatic children under 3 years. The specific mechanism needs further study.