Objective To explore the clinical features of childhood Epstein-Barr virus infection associated renal injury, in order to find grounds for timely treatment. Methods A total of 237 cases with Epstein-Barr virus infection admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2014 to January 2016 were selected and divided into renal injury group (57 cases) and non-renal injury group (180 cases). The period of observation for the children was between the admission time and discharge time. The age, sex, course of disease, fever lasting time and laboratory findings (including glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamicoxalacetic transaminase, leukocyte count, rate of variant lymphocytes, anti-EB antibody, etc) were compared between the two groups and statistically analyzed. Results Of the 237 patients, 57 (24.26%) patients were confirmed with renal injury, 18 cases (7.6%) had microscopic hematuria, 51 cases (21.52%) had proteinuria, 10 cases (4.22%) had both microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. There was no obvious difference between the two groups in age, sex, course of disease, fever lasting time or any laboratory finding (P > 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of renal injury associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection is high, mainly presented with proteinuria.