Abstract: Objective To study the changes of retinal oxygen saturation in patients with glaucoma. Methods In this study, 80 cases of glaucoma patients (139 eyes) and 80 healthy subjects (control group) in our hospital from May 2011 to March 2016 were examined retrospectively. The retina blood oxygen saturation and visual field index of the two groups were compared, and the correlations were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in retinal venous oxygen saturation between the two groups (P > 0.05). The retinal arterial oxygen saturation and arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean retinal light sensitivity in the case group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The average visual field defect in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference was positively correlated with the mean retinal light sensitivity, but negatively correlated with the average visual field defect (P < 0.05). Conclusions The oxygen saturation of retinal artery in glaucoma sufferers is significantly decreased, while the oxygen saturation of retinal vein has no obvious change. And the arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference is closely related to mean retinal light sensitivity and the average visual field defect.