Objective To explore the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and nutritional risk screening (NRS) in perioperative period of breast cancer. Methods From November 2017 to March 2018, 70 patients with breast cancer in the Gastrointestine and Gland Surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi medical University were selected as research objects, and all patients were screened for nutritional risk before the surgery and received ERAS in our department for perioperative treatment. We retrospectively collected 75 patients who underwent normative perioperative management of breast cancer in our department from August 2015 to October 2015 as a control group. According to NRS-2002 score, patients were divided into normal nutrition group and nutritional risk group, with 59 and 11 cases respectively. Clinical data were comparative analyzed. Results The pain scores at 6 hours and the pain scores at 24 hours after surgery were statistically significant (P < 0.05); the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the study group and the control group were 1.43% and 10.67% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 5.308, P = 0.034); the postoperative hospital stay was lower in the normal nutrition group than that in the nutritional risk group (t = 3.222, P = 0.002); ① the drainage volume after surgery of the first, second and third days was different (F = 10.006, P = 0.000); ② the drainage volume of the normal nutrition group was less than that of the nutritional risk group, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 4.698, P = 0.034); ③ the change trend of the drainage volume was the same in the normal nutrition group and the nutritional risk group (F = 0.514, P = 0.476). Conclusions ERAS reduces postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, and shortens hospital stay in perioperative management of breast cancer; nutritional status is one of the cornerstones of ERAS of breast cancer; preoperative NRS is helpful for the rational selection of breast cancer rapid rehabilitation.