Objective To observe the changes of the proportion and function of Vδ1 T and Vδ2 T cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of patients with colorectal cancer, and to discuss its role in colorectal cancer development. Methods Totally 20 cases of healthy control peripheral blood, 20 cases of peripheral blood and cancer tissues of colorectal cancer patients were collected. The proportions of Vδ1 T and Vδ2 T cells in peripheral blood of health control, peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients, infiltration of cancer-adjacent tissues and cancer tissue were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation ability of Vδ1 T and Vδ2 T cells in peripheral blood of health control, peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients, infiltration of cancer-adjacent tissues and cancer tissue were detected by antibody amplification. The inhibit effect of Vδ1 T cells in peripheral blood of health control, peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients, infiltration of cancer-adjacent tissues and cancer tissue were analyzed by proliferation experiment. Results The proportion of Vδ1 T cells in peripheral blood of healthy controls was (1.1?±?0.5) %, and the proportion of Vδ1 T cells in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer was (3.2?±?0.9) %, and the difference was statistically significant (P?