Objective To analyze the factors influencing prognosis of severe viral encephalitis (SVE) children, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the prognosis of children. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 70 SVE children admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. According to Glasgow’s outcome score (GOS), children with grades 1 to 4 were collected into the poor prognosis group, and grade 5 children were collected into the good prognosis group. The characteristics of all patients at admission were recorded, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors affecting prognosis. Results SVE children often show symptoms of disturbance of consciousness, persistent state of convulsions, vomiting, headache and abnormal mental behavior. The differences of the GOS score, fever, head MRI, brain injury site, respiratory failure convulsion persistence, combined organ dysfunction and stress hyperglycemia in 2 groups were statistically significant (P??0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed GOS score [OlR?= 1.071 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.245)], presence of convulsion persistence [OlR?=?1.010 (95% CI: 1.008, 2.341)], combined organ damage [OlR?=?2.348 (95% CI: 1.024, 4.357)], stress hyperglycemia (OlR?=?1.101 95% CI: 1.008, 3.647) were the influencing factor of SVE (P?