Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a kind of common disease that has significant impacts on the quality of life, life expectancy and health costs. The two-way relationship between OSAHS and endocrine system in experimental and epidemiological study is increasingly recognized because of the close relationship among OSAHS, disrupted sleep, systemic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, there are more and more research into the effects of OSAHS on endocrine function, including obesity, abnormal blood sugar, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, reproductive system, and bones. This paper will focus on the effects of OSAHS on thyroid function and the related mechanisms.