Objective To explore the prognostic factors affecting patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the context of rituximab, and to improve the quality of patients’ prognosis. Medthods A total of 113 cases of pathological diagnosis of clinical information and follow-up data for patients with DLBCL were retrospectively analyzed to find out the factors may affect the prognosis of patients with DLBCL. Results In patients with DLBCL using the R-CHOP regimen, age [OlR=?1.144 (95% CI: 1.071, 1.221)], Ann Arbor stage [OlR?=?4.633 (95% CI: 1.321, 16.254)], bone marrow infiltration [OlR=?9.688 (95% CI: 1.346, 69.734)], Hb2 grade (G2 100 to 80 g/L) [OlR?=?9.492 (95% CI: 1.269, 70.979)] and Hb3 grade (G3 <80 g/L) [OlR?=?48.456 (95% CI: 5.926, 396.253)] were the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with DLBCL; through the trend test found that the more severe the degree of anemia, the worse the prognosis of patients (χ2?=?27.415, P?=?0.000). Conclusion In patients with DLBCL using the R-CHOP regimen, the patient’s age, clinical stage, bone marrow infiltration, hemoglobin grade (Hb G2, Hb G3) have great impact on the prognosis of patients with DLBCL. And the more severe the anemia before chemotherapy, the worse the prognosis of patients.