Neuropathic pain is a hypersensitivity response to pain mediated by synaptic plasticity in peripheral and central neurons. Due to the complex changes of receptors, enzymes and ion channels in nerve cells, the treatment of neuropathic pain remains a major challenge for health problems worldwide. In the nervous system, autophagy is crucil for the survival and homeostasis of neurons. The specific consumption of the desired gene is sufficient to cause neuronal death, autophagy dysfunction is the basis of neuropathic pain. This article further discusses the possible mechanisms of autophagy during the development of neuropathic pain, as well as potential targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain.