Objective To study the role of new miRNA in the developmental brain injury after seizures by analyzing and screening miRNA related to convulsive brain injury through microarray and open up a new approach for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 14 days) were induced once every day for seven days by classic hot water bath model. The rat hippocampus following recurrent seizures as an experimental group, normal rat hippocampal as the control group. Differentially expressed miRNA were obtained from the two groups (P < 0.05, FC > 1.5), and verified by quantitative qRT-PCR. The target gene was verified by a double luciferase reporter experiment. Results Thirty-one differentially expressed miRNA were obtained through bioinformatic analysis (P < 0.05), including 21 up-regulated miRNA and 10 down-regulated miRNA. Nine miRNA were selected for qRT-PCR verification, and the expression of differentially expressed multiple was consistent with the microarray results; The significant of GO and pathways (P < 0.05) of miRNA target genes were mainly involved in the neuronal differentiation, brain development, cell proliferation, FoxO signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse etc; We have obtained 186 target genes of miR-148a-3p by the database analysis; Top10 most significant GO terms and pathways (P < 0.05) of miR-148a-3p target genes mainly relates to protect neurons and synapses occurrence, brain development, FoxO signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathways; We found that there is a close interaction between the target genes, and multiple genes form the hub genes to regulate the protein molecular network; NCOA1 is the target gene of miR-148a-3p. Conclusions The results of miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus of rats revealed that multiple factors such as nerve and immune inflammation may play a very vital role in the development of FS. These findings may provide a new direction and therapeutic target for studying the pathogenesis of FS.