Objective To detect the expressions of neuritin and HSP60 in traumatic liver tissues of rats at different time, and discuss the effect of neuritin and HSP60 on the repair of injuried hepatic tissue. Methods One hundred and twenty-six SD rats were randomly divided into liver injury group (group A), fracture group (group B) and normal group (group C). In each group, the serum concentrations of ALT and AST were respectively measured at seven time points (6 and 12 h, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 d), HE staining and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expressions of neuritin and HSP60 in the liver tissue of the rats. Results At the time of 6 h, 12 h and 1 d, serum concentrations of ALT and AST in the group A were higher than those in the group B and the group C (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining results indicated the expressions of neuritin and HSP60 in the group A at the time points from 12 h to 14 d were significantly higher than those in the group B and the group C (P < 0.05).The expression of HSP60 in the group B was higher than that in the group C at 12 h and in 1 d (P < 0.05). And the expressions of neuritin and HSP60 increased at first and then decreased. Conclusions The interaction between neuritin and HSP60 may play an important role in hepatic self-repair after traumatic liver injury.