Objective To investigate the expressions of microRNA-126(miR-126) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the chorionic villi of growth-arrest early embryo group and the chorionic villus of normal control group, and analyze the different expressions of miR-126 and VEGF between them so as to explore their relationship in early embryo growth arrest. Methods The chorionic villi of 28 cases in early embryo growth arrest group and 28 cases in control group were collected. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression levels of miR-126 and VEGF mRNA in the two groups were detected.  Results miR-126 was expressed in the chorionic villi of the early embryo growth arrest group and the control group. The expression of miR-126 in the chorionic villi of the early embryo growth arrest group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant. The expression of VEGF in the chorionic villi of the early embryo growth arrest group was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant. A negative correlation was found between miR-126 and VEGF in the chorionic villi of the early embryo growth arrest group, while a positive correlation was found between miR-126 and VEGF in the chorionic villi of the control group. Conclusions The expression of VEGF in the chorionic villi of growth-arrest early embryo is lower than that in normal chorionic villi. There is a certain correlation between the change of VEGF expression and the early embryo growth arrest.