Objective To investigate the infection status and drug sensitivity of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women, analyze the relationship between GBS infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and compare the influence of different treatment regimens on the outcomes of pregnant women with GBS infection. Methods Totally 428 cases of pregnant women with 35-37 weeks pregnancy were selected as the research subjects from January 2014 to October 2014. Vaginal and anal secretions of the pregnant women were collected, and real time quantitative PCR was used to detect GBS infection, and drug resistance test was carried out for the isolated strains. The GBS-positive patients were divided into group A (using sensitive antibiotics intravenously once every 4 hours from the beginning to the end of delivery) and group B (oral antibiotic treatment for 7 d once GBS infection was confirmed, the rest was the same as group A), and the pregnancy outcomes of the two treatment regimens were compared. Results The incidences of intrauterine infection, fetal distress, meconium, premature birth, neonatal pneumonia, postpartum hemo-
rrhage and puerperal infection in the GBS-positive group were significantly higher than those in the GBS-negative group (P < 0.05). GBS-positive maternal sensitivity to Vancomycin, Cefotaxime, Penicillin and Ampicillin was 100%, while the sensitivity rates to Clindamycin, Azithromycin and Erythromycin was lower (58.8%, 44.1% and 35.2% respectively). The incidences of intrauterine infection, fetal distress, meconium, premature birth, neonatal pneumonia, postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (P <
0.05). Conclusions GBS infection can increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. Use of sensitive antibiotics immediately after diagnosis of GBS infection can effectively improve pregnancy outcomes.