Strabismus may cause different degrees of damage to distance and near stereopsis, which also vary among distinct types of strabismus. Surgery is currently an effective way to improve stereopsis, so it is important to choose the most appropriate time for surgery. Attention should be also paid to the stereopsis recovery and reconstruction of both eyes after the surgery, in order to achieve the functional cure. The postoperative stereopsis of patients with strabismus is affected by various factors such as the type of strabismus, the age of patients, disease duration, preoperative and early postoperative stereopsis, postoperative position of eyes, and visual function training. In this review, we will summarize the factors affecting the postoperative stereopsis, thereby providing a reference for selecting the right timing for surgery and assessing the prognosis of stereopsis.