Objective To explore the dynamic changes of serum HSP47 and VEGF in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and their clinical significance.Methods From January 2017 to August 2019, 47 patients with IPF in aggravating period (aggravating period group), 47 patients with IPF in stable period (stabilizing period group), and 47 healthy people (healthy control group), who were examined in our hospital in the same period, were selected as the study objects. Serum HSP47 and VEGF levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lung function in each group was measured, the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in each group was evaluated with high resolution CT (HRCT), and the correlation between the serum HSP47 and VEGF levels, pulmonary function, and HRCT score were analyzed.Results The levels of HSP47 and VEGF in healthy control group, stable group, and aggravating group were compared, the differences were statistically significant through analysis of variance (P < 0.05). The serum HSP47 and VEGF levels in the aggravating stage group were higher than those in the stable stage group, and those in the stable stage group were higher than those in the healthy control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO₂) and HRCT score in the aggravating stage group were higher than those in the stable stage group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The PaO₂ level in the aggravating group was lower than that in the stable group (P < 0.05). One second forced expiratory volume (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), one second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV₁%), carbon monoxide diffusion volume as a percentage of the predicted value (DLCO% pred) in the aggravating period group were lower than those in the stable period group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that HSP47 were negatively correlated with FEV₁ (r = -0.735), FVC (r = -0.579), FEV₁% (r = -0.612), DLCO% pred (r = -0.642) and PaO₂ (r =-0.636) (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the PaCO₂ (r = 0.683) and HRCT score (r = 0.517) (P < 0.05); VEGF were negatively correlated with FEV₁ (r = -0.757), FVC (r = -0.583), FEV₁% (r = -0.644), DLCO% pred (r = -0.656), and PaO₂ (r = -0.663) (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the PaCO₂ (r = 0.597) and HRCT score (r = 0.525) (P < 0.05); HSP47 was positively correlated with VEGF (r =0.685, P < 0.05).Conclusion Serum HSP47 and VEGF in patients with IPF increased with the aggravation of the condition, and the detection of serum HSP47 and VEGF levels is helpful to assist in the assessment of the condition of patients with IPF.