Objective To evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally recurrent extrahepatic bile duct cancer after radical surgery.Methods The clinical data of patients with local recurrence after radical resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma receiving concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2014 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic characteristics such as age and sex, tumor site, T stage, N stage, CA19-9, and median disease-free time from surgery to recurrence (disease-free interval, DFI), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 1 year and 2 years after concurrent chemoradiotherapy were analyzed and summarized.Results The disease control rate of all patients after concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 93.3%. The median PFS and OS were 13.5 and 22.2 months, respectively. The 1-year PFS and OS rates were 50.0% and 76.7%, and the 2-year PFS and OS rates were 6.7% and 36.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 1-year PFS rate and 2-year OS rate were both improved when DFI > 12 months and CA19-9 ≤ 37 u/mL at recurrence (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, CA19-9 > 37 u/mL at recurrence [R = 21.686 (95% CI: 4.327, 177.158)] was the independent risk factor for 1-year PFS rate, while CA19-9 > 37 u/ml at recurrence [R = 12.056 (95% CI: 2.407, 60.396)] and DFI ≤ 12 months [R = 0.190 (95% CI: 0.040, 0.913)] were independent risk factors for 2-year OS rate.Conclusions Chemoradiotherapy may be an effective treatment option in patients who present with local recurrence after primary surgery for extrahepatic bile duct cancer.