Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Qiju Dihuang Pill combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) derivative eye drops in the treatment of dry eye after cataract surgery.Methods A total of 92 patients (92 eyes) with dry eye after cataract surgery who were admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to January 2021 were selected and divided into the control group (rhEGF derivative eye drops treatment) and the combination group (Qiju Dihuang Pill combined with rhEGF derivative eye drops treatment), with 46 cases (46 eyes) in each group. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score, corneal fluorescein staining (FLS) score, tear film break-up time (BUT) and basic tear secretion via Schirmer's test were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions during the treatment were also compared between the two groups.Results After the treatment, the TCM primary symptom score, secondary symptom score and the overall score of the combination group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The FLS scores of the two groups were lower after the treatment than those before the treatment (P < 0.05). The BUT was longer and the basic tear secretion was greater in the combination group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The clinical efficacy and the overall effective rate were higher in the combination group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). During the treatment, there were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups.Conclusions Qiju Dihuang Pill combined with rhEGF derivative eye drops can relieve clinical symptoms, protect the integrity of corneal epithelial cells, enhance the stability of the tear film, and increase the tear secretion, thereby improving the clinical efficacy in the treatment of dry eye after cataract surgery safely and reliably.