Recent studies have shown that osteoporosis is closely related to dementia. On the one hand, individuals with osteoporosis exhibit a high risk of dementia and the incidence of dementia is especially high among them. On the other hand, a high frequency of osteoporosis is observed in dementia and therefore high disability and fatality rates are present due to an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. While endangering the health of patients, osteoporosis and dementia also bring a great burden to families and the society, and have become a hot issue in the field of chronic disease research worldwide. This article reviews the progress in the relationship between osteoporosis and dementia by focusing on the impact of dementia on osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture and the pathophysiology of related bone-brain axis, aiming to provide novel ideas for the future research of osteoporosis with dementia.