Objective To explore the relationship of the levels of serum leucine rich ɑ2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in the late pregnancy with the postpartum blood glucose outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods A total of 98 patients with GDM in the late pregnancy treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects, according to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 6 weeks after delivery, the subjects were grouped into abnormal group (42 cases) and recovery group (56 cases), the baseline data of subjects were collected, and the serum LRG1 and CCL2 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the correlation of serum LRG1 and CCL2 levels with postpartum blood glucose and insulin was analyzed by Pearson method; multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the possible factors of abnormal postpartum blood glucose.Results The pre-pregnancy BMI of GDM patients in abnormal group was higher than that in recovery group (P < 0.05); the expression levels of LRG1 and CCL2 in serum of GDM patients in the late pregnancy and after delivery were higher than those in the recovery group, and the levels of serum LRG1 and CCL2 in the recovery group after delivery were lower than those in the late pregnancy (P < 0.05); the levels of TG, FPG, 1 hPG, 2 hPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in the abnormal group in the late pregnancy and after delivery were higher than those in the recovery group (P < 0.05); the levels of FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in the abnormal group were lower than those in the late pregnancy (P < 0.05); the levels of TG, FPG, 1 hPG, 2 hPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in the recovery group after delivery were lower than those in the late pregnancy (P < 0.05); the serum LRG1 level was positively correlated with 2 hPG, FPG, and HOMA-IR in patients with GDM in the late pregnancy (r = 0.367, 0.514, and 0.531, all P < 0.05); serum CCL2 level was positively correlated with 2 hPG, FPG, and HOMA-IR (r =0.387, 0.487, and 0.483, all P < 0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that: LRG1 [O^R = 4.312 (95% CI: 2.193, 8.479) ], CCL2 [O^R = 3.348 (95% CI: 1.799, 6.232) ], FPG [O^R = 2.486 (95% CI: 1.511, 4.090) ], and HOMA-IR [O^R = 1.962 (95% CI: 1.425, 2.701) ] were risk factors for postpartum abnormal blood glucose (P < 0.05).Conclusion Serum LRG1 and CCL2 are highly expressed in patients with GDM in the late pregnancy, and both of them are closely related to 2 hPG, FPG, and HOMA-IR.