Objective To evaluate the condition of renal anemia (RA) in patients with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), to explore the risk factors for RA in patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD, and to evaluate the correlation between hemoglobin and laboratory indicators.Methods We included 282 patents with stage 3 to 5 CKD admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to May 2021. Demographic characteristics and clinical data of patients were recorded. Patients were divided into RA group (176 cases) and non-RA group (106 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria of RA. The sex composition, age, underlying diseases, biochemical indicators, and altitude of residence were compared between the two groups, and the correlations of RA with altitude of residence, general characteristics of patients and laboratory indicators were analyzed.Results The proportion of females and levels of BUN, Scr, IPTH, LH, PRL and Hepc in RA group were higher than those in non-RA group, while RBC count, levels of SI, T, EPO and HIF, TIBC, and TSAT in RA group were lower than those in non-RA group (P < 0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of BUN [O^R = 1.413 (95% CI: 1.026, 1.947) ], Scr [O^R = 1.079 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.154) ] and Hepc [O^R = 1.104 (95% CI: 1.029, 1.185) ] were risk factors for RA in patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD, and that high RBC count [O^R = 0.560 (95% CI: 0.394, 0.796) ], and levels of SI [O^R =0.627 (95% CI: 0.457, 0.861) ], EPO [O^R = 0.652 (95% CI: 0.506, 0.839) ] and HIF [O^R = 0.943 (95% CI: 0.914, 0.972) ] were protective factors for RA in patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that the level of HGB was negatively correlated with levels of BUN, Scr and Hepc (r = -0.304, -0.488, -0.405, -0.404, -0.297, -0.256, -0.195, -0.232 and -0.312, all P < 0.05 ) and positively correlated with RBC count, and levels of SI, EPO and HIF in patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD (r = 0.967, 0.224, 0.183, 0.266, 0.253 and 0.151, all P < 0.05).Conclusions EPO, HIF, RBC, SI, BUN, Scr and Hepc are all predictors for RA in patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD.