Objective To investigate the effect of internal carotid artery stenting on cerebral perfusion and neurological function in patients with subacute phase of subocclusive cerebral infarction, and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing cerebral blood flow and promoting neurological recovery.Methods This retrospective study selected 80 patients with subacute phase of subocclusive cerebral infarction admitted to Shuangyashan Shuangkuang Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 40 cases in each group, based on the treatment they received. The control group received conventional medical treatment, while the observation group received conventional medical treatment combined with balloon angioplasty and stent implantation performed under an embolic protection device. The two groups were compared in terms of cerebral perfusion parameters, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, hemorheological indices, plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and neurological functional factors, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.Results Comparisons of CBF, CBV, MMSE scores and NIHSS scores were conducted between the observation group and the control group preoperatively and 1 day and 6 months postoperatively. ①Differences in CBF, MMSE scores, and NIHSS scores across the three time points were statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas changes in CBV were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). ②Between-group comparisons showed statistically significant differences in CBF, MMSE scores, and NIHSS scores (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in CBV (P > 0.05). ③The change trends over time in CBF and MMSE scores between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed in the change trends of CBV and NIHSS scores (P > 0.05). The differences in peak systolic velocity of the vertebral artery, basilar artery, internal carotid artery, and common carotid artery before and after surgery were significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The changes in PV, EAI, and FIB levels before and after surgery were also significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the differences in serum levels of S100β, NGF, and BDNF were significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mRS scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the observation group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of complications such as hyperperfusion syndrome, in-stent thrombosis, local hematoma, or infection (P > 0.05).Conclusion Internal carotid artery stenting is an effective treatment option for patients with subacute phase of subocclusive cerebral infarction.