Objective To investigate the effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone tissue regeneration around immediate implants.Methods The study enrolled 120 patients with dental implants who were treated at our hospital between May 2023 and March 2024. These patients were randomly assigned to the observation group (60 patients) and the control group (60 patients). The control group received PRF combined with artificial bone powder, while the observation group was additionally treated with SDF-1α. Bone mineral density, bone thickness, buccolingual alveolar width, Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), probing depth (PD), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), aesthetic outcome, implant success rate, complete healing rate, and local infection rate were compared between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively.Results The differences in bone mineral density, labial alveolar bone thickness at the apical, middle-root, and cervical levels, and bone width before and after treatment in the observation group were greater than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The reductions in PD and SBI after treatment were also greater in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The ISQ of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in tooth color and facial appearance scores (P > 0.05). However, the observation group had significantly higher scores for tooth morphology and overall aesthetic appearance (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the control and observation groups in terms of implant success rate, complete healing rate, or incidence of local infection (P > 0.05).Conclusion SDF-1α combined with PRF has a positive effect on bone regeneration in patients with dental implant by effectively increasing bone mineral density and bone thickness, improving alveolar bone structure, enhancing implant stability, and promoting periodontal health. This treatment regimen demonstrates significant clinical potential in optimizing implant restoration outcomes and increasing treatment success rates.